Carat, unit of measure
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The carat is a unit of mass used for gems, and equals 200 milligrams or 3.086 grains (avoirdupois). The word derives from the Greek keration (fruit of the carob), via Arabic and Italian. Carob seeds were used as weights on precision scales because of their reputation for having a uniform weight; a 2006 study found this to not be the case; carob seeds have as much variation in their weights as other seeds. In the distant past, different countries each had their own carat, roughly equivalent to a carob seed. Metric countries used this measurement nonetheless in its limited range of application.
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